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Mesothelioma and Asbestos Asbestos is a natural mineral that comes in long, thin fibres. Workers who are regularly exposed to asbestos may develop lung diseases such as mesothelioma. It may take decades for symptoms to appear after asbestos exposure. Different asbestos types can cause different symptoms. Pleural Mesothelioma Pleural mesothelioma is a cancer of the lung's outer lining, or pleura. It is the most prevalent type of mesothelioma, making up 70 to 79% of diagnosed cases. This condition causes chest pain, shortness of breathe and a feeling heavyness. This type of cancer is typically caused through exposure to asbestos, which is a cluster of minerals that are comprised of microscopic fibres. The fibers, when inhaled can cause irritation and DNA mutations. The pleura surrounds the chest cavity and lungs and therefore, these irritations could affect both the lungs and the heart of a person. Mesothelioma usually doesn't show symptoms until 30 to 50 year after exposure. The most commonly reported symptoms of pleural melanoma are chest discomfort and shortness of breath. Some patients may also experience chest tightness, coughing or difficulty breathing. Patients with this cancer have a history that includes asbestos exposure at work. The most frequent jobs that expose workers to the risk of developing pleural cancer are manufacturing, construction, and shipbuilding. People who were in the military are at higher risk due to the frequent use of asbestos in Navy vessels and bunkers for the Army. The TNM (tumors lymph nodes, tumors, and metastases staging system) is the most popular staging system for the pleural adenocarcinoma. The stage the patient is in at the time of diagnosis will help determine the treatment plan they should follow. For instance, patients who have a pleural mesothelioma in stage three or four have a less favorable prognosis than those with a lower stage. Stage four mesothelioma may spread to the liver, heart or diaphragm. This can make it more difficult to treat and raises the chance of complications for patients. Peritoneal Mesothelioma Contrary to pleural cancer which is found in the lung's lining it develops in a membrane that covers the abdominal cavity, which includes organs like the intestines and liver. Similar to pleural mesothelioma mesothelioma is triggered by asbestos exposure. There are only 300-500 cases diagnosed each year which is lower than pleural asbestosis. As with pleural asbestosis symptoms can take several years to manifest. Patients usually experience abdominal pain, and may also have a lump in their abdomen. Symptoms of this type of mesothelioma can also include nausea as well as weight loss and fever. A lot of these symptoms can be misinterpreted as digestive issues which can lead to a misdiagnosis. Generally speaking, doctors can detect mesothelioma by conducting a thorough health history and physical examination. Imaging tests like X-rays and CT scans are a way to detect mesothelioma. These tests can reveal tumors, as well as other symptoms of cancer that aren't visible on an X-ray. These tests enable doctors to diagnose mesothelioma, identify the stage and recommend treatment options. The stage is determined by the kind of cell and if the cancer has spread. Asbestos exposure is the main risk factor. People who have worked in professions which require asbestos, like plumbing electrical work, manufacturing or construction, are at increased risk of developing the disease. Even if a person isn't employed in one of these fields however, they may still be exposed to asbestos through family members and other sources. Anyone who thinks they may be at risk should speak with an expert. If they have an history of exposure to asbestos or mesothelioma, a specialist can assist them in learning more about the risk. Risk Factors Asbestos is the most significant mesothelioma-related risk factor. It is responsible for up to the 80% of cases. Exposure to asbestos may occur as a result of work, military service, or through living with a person who works with asbestos or has previously done the same. Asbestos particles can be inhaled by people who are exposed to it. The particles cause irritation to the linings of the abdomen, which causes cancerous cells to develop in the mesothelium. Following exposure to asbestos, mesothelioma may be diagnosed between 15 and 60 year. Other risk factors include smoking, genetics and age. The people in their 40s or 50s are at a higher risk of developing mesothelioma as compared to those who are younger or older. Mesothelioma can take between 20 and 60 years before it manifests cancer symptoms after the first exposure. It is important to remember, too, that mesothelioma can occur in people who have been exposed to asbestos, but without having worked with it directly. This is referred to as secondary or indirect exposure to asbestos and it could be as hazardous as direct exposure. Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma because it damages the mesothelium. It also makes it more prone to. In addition, mesothelioma may be exacerbated by certain illnesses like asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to remember that mesothelioma is more prevalent in men than women. This is due to the fact that men are more likely to work with asbestos and have a longer period of exposure than women. champaign asbestos lawsuit are also more likely to have lived with someone who had worked with asbestos and to have asbestos-containing fibers on their clothing. Women tend to be less in contact with asbestos, and don't typically carry asbestos on their clothing. Diagnosis Mesothelioma is a difficult disease to identify because the symptoms are often similar to other diseases. This is why patients are sometimes wrongly diagnosed. The first step in identifying mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform an examination of the body and take notes on the medical history of a patient including asbestos exposure. Doctors will also recommend a CT scan or chest X-ray to look for lumps, abnormalities, and evidence of asbestos exposure. These include pleural plaques, thickened pleura and calcium deposits. Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance scan or MRI test, which makes use of magnets and radio waves in order to create a series of detailed images of the insides of the body. Another way for doctors to detect mesothelioma is through the procedure of a surgical biopsy. During a surgery biopsy, doctors remove a tiny piece of tissue from the pleura or the peritoneum, to be further examined. A pathologist can look at the tissue under microscopes to determine if it contains cancerous cells. Mesothelioma is classified based on the mesothelial type involved, whether these cells are malignant or benign, and the location, type, and stage of the cancer. Certain types of mesothelioma are more likely to spread or metastasize which is why it is crucial to have a clear diagnosis so that doctors can treat the disease before it becomes out of control. Doctors may also conduct tests in the lab on tumors in order to determine specific genes, proteins, or other factors which will help them identify the characteristics of cancer and plan treatment. These results are known as staging. Treatment A mesothelioma diagnose can be frightening. But, it is crucial to remember that the cancer is treatable, especially in its initial stages. Many mesothelioma patients live for years with the disease without it spreading to other organs of their body. Exposure to asbestos can trigger mesothelioma in many ways. Asbestos fibers, too small to be able to see or feel with the naked eye, can become airborne and cause irritation to the lining of the lungs (pleura). Over time irritation can lead to formation of scar tissue, which leads to changes in the cell structure that eventually develop into tumors. The pleura covers the lungs and heart, as well as the abdomen. Mesothelium is composed of cells that react when exposed to asbestos. They cause inflammation to the tissue and cause it to become scarred. These changes can eventually result in malignant mesothelioma tumors. Shortness of breath, chest discomfort, or the accumulation of fluid on the lungs are all symptoms of the pleural mesothelioma. In rare cases, cancer can spread into the tissues that surround the reproductive organs and the heart. If imaging scans reveal an area of concern in the lungs or stomach, a doctor will order a biopsies. During the procedure doctors remove small amounts of liquid or tumor for tests in the laboratory. The results will confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma and provide the most effective treatment plan. There are many types of mesothelioma treatment, which include chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. Most doctors rely on the combination of these methods. Participating in clinical trials of mesothelioma treatments may be beneficial to patients. Patients can find out more by consulting a mesothelioma specialist who has treated the condition.